CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
ATHEROSCLEROSIS/ANTIOXIDANT STATUS
ISCHEMIC CORONARY DISEASE
|
Author/Year |
Subject |
Design |
Duration |
Dosage |
Results/Conclusion |
|
Aviram et al, 20049 |
Atherosclerosis (change in intima-media thickness (IMT) at the distal carotid artery); antioxidant status; blood pressure (BP) |
OL, PG n=19 patients with severe carotid artery stenosis (n=14 males, n=5 females; aged 65–75 yrs); 10 patients treated with PJ & remainder received no treatment & served as controls. |
1 year (5 patients continued for another 2 yrs) |
50 ml of concentrated PJ diluted 1:5 (v:v) with water to obtain single strength juice equivalent to 8 oz. per day |
Compared to pretreatment values, IMT decreased significantly in treatment group at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months compared to baseline. (p<0.001). Systolic BP, but not diastolic BP, was significantly reduced from 174±8 mmHg at baseline to 153±7 at 12 mos. (p<0.01) in treatment group. Measures of oxidative stress were also significantly improved in treatment group at 12 mos. |
|
Rosenblat, et al, 200610 |
Antioxidant status |
OL, PG n=10 male patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes (aged 35–71 years old); n=10 healthy age-matched controls |
3 months |
50 ml of concentrated PJ diluted 1:5 (v:v) with water to obtain a single strength juice equivalent to 8 oz. per day |
Compared to controls, diabetic patients consuming PJ lipid peroxides & thiobarbituirc acid reactive substances were decreased by 56% and 28%, respectively compared to baseline. Total serum sulfhydryl groups & paraoxonase activity were increased by 12% & 24%, respectively. A substantial decrease (71%) cellular peroxides was shown in diabetic group as was an increase (141%) in glutathione compared to baseline. |
|
Author/Year |
Subject |
Design |
Duration |
Dosage |
Results/Conclusion |
|
Sumner et al, 200511 |
Decrease in stress-induced ischemia |
R, DB, PC n=45 patients (mean age 69 yrs) with stable coronary heart disease |
3 months |
240 ml (8 oz) per day |
Stress-induced ischemia decreased significantly in PJ group compared to placebo group (p<0.05). Angina episodes decreased by 50% in PJ group compared to 38% increase in placebo group (difference did not reach statistical significance). |
HYPERTENSION
|
Author/Year |
Subject |
Design |
Duration |
Dosage |
Results/Conclusion |
|
Aviram, Dornfeld, 200112 |
Hypertension; Serum angiotensin II converting enzyme (ACE) activity |
OL n=10 hypertensive patients (n=7 males, n=3 females; aged 62–77 yrs) |
2 weeks |
50 ml concentrated PJ diluted 1:5 (v:v) with water to obtain single strength juice equivalent to 8 oz. per day |
7 out of 10 patients had mean decrease in serum ACE activity of 36%. Mean blood pressure showed small (5%) but significant (p<0.05) decrease in systolic BP but not diastolic BP. |
ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION
|
Author/Year |
Subject |
Design |
Duration |
Dosage |
Results/Conclusion |
|
Forest et al, 200713 |
Erectile Dysfunction |
R, DB, PC, CO n=61 subjects (aged 21–70 years); 53 completed study |
28 days (2 week washout between arms) |
8 oz. per day |
Subjects were more likely to report an improvement in Global Assessment Questionnaire (subjective evaluation) while on PJ but this did not reach statistical significance (p=0.058). There were no differences between PJ or placebo on International Index of Erectile Function. |
PROSTATE CANCER
|
Author/Year |
Subject |
Design |
Duration |
Dosage |
Results/Conclusion |
|
Pantuck et al, 200614 |
Change in prostate specific antigen (PSA) doubling time (PSADT)*. * Note: men with greater PSADT are thought to have a greater chance of survival & decreased chance of recurrence |
OL, SA n=46 patients with recurrent prostate cancer & rising PSA after surgery or radiotherapy |
Patients were treated with PJ until meeting disease progression endpoints (e.g. safety, effect on serum, PSA, hormone levels, etc.) |
8 oz. per day |
Mean PSADT significantly increased with treatment from mean of 15 mos to 54 mos post-treatment (p<0.001). In vitro assays comparing pre- & post-treatment serum effects on LNCaP cells (a prostate cancer line) showed 12% decrease in cell proliferation (p=0.048) & 17% increase in apoptosis (p=0.0085). |
Key: R = randomized, DB = double-blind, PC = placebo-controlled, OL = open label, PG = parallel groups, SA = single-arm, CO = crossover study, n = number of patients